CASE OF 70 YR OLD MALE
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.CASE:-
A 70 year old male shepherd 3 yrs back (Toddy seller 30yr back) by occupation from yadhagiri
CHIEF COMPLAINTS
Pedal edema 20 days
HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESSV
Patient was asymptomatic 35yrs back
Bouts of cough with sputum ( sputum is same as morning normal sputum)since 15 days (stopped after stopping of taking chutta)
Edema of legs ,face, hands relieved on applying ointment ? And after 2 days it appears again again he applies ointment
Constipation from so many days relieved only on medication
Left and right foot pain
Left great toe pain
Right side back neck pain
PAST HISTORY
35years(2007-2008) back he had a left leg fracture at popliteal fossa ( during rainy season he slipped and fell on his own leg due to his own weight leg has broken? )treated by kattu?(they didnot go to hospital)
Still for 2-3 years he continued his toddy collecting job then he stopped and for some days he worked as shepherd after some days he stoped it too
Blood in stool ?
He had episodes of dizziness (reason for his left side neck pain)
He went to chowtpalli hospital himself without telling to his son.In hospital he fell down (due to dizziness?) and he did vomiting 4-5 times then he was very weak.
In the same hospital he put on glucose and then he came to kims (with help of his son )on the same day evening.
No significiant history of DM,TB,Epilepsy,HTN
PERSONAL HISTORY
Diet:Mixed,normal appetite
Sleep: decreased sleep due to bouts of cough
Constipation relieved only on medication
Normal bladder movements
Adictions- Chutta since 40 yrs 4-5 chuttasper day stooped since 4-5 days
Alcohol intake he drinks when he wants to drink (90ml)
FAMILY HISTORY
No significant family history
SURGICAL HISTORY
Left Eye operation 10 years ago due to decreased vision
GENERAL EXAMINATION
- PALLOR
- No ICTERUS
- NO CYANOSIS
- NO CLUBBING
- NO KOILONYCHIA
- NO LYMPHADEONAPTHY
- EDEMA
SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:-
A. Cardiovascular system
S1 S2 HEARD
NO MURMURS.
B. Respiratory system
NVBS heard
BAE +
TRACHEA CENTRAL.
C. Per abdominal examination
SOFT
Scaphoid
Mild tenderness on left hypochondrium
D.NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION
1. HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS:
- a. Consciousness – intact
- b. Well Oriented to time, place and person
- c. Speech and language – slurring.
- d. Memory – immediate-retention and recall, recent and remote - intact
- a. No Delusions, hallucinations
- b. No Emotional lability
- c. MMSE score
I. Orientation
1. date x, day x, month x, season(rainy) yearx (1)
2. floor x, hospital x. District (1), state , country (1)
II. Registration
Name three objects taking one second for each object. Ask him to repeat the same.
Repeat till he remembers (3)
III. Attention and Calculation
Serial 7’s 5 times (0)
IV. Recall
Recall the three objects (3)
V. Language
- 1. Name 2 objects (1)
- 2. Repeat a sentence (1)
- 3. Follow a 3 stage command (3)
- 4. Reading “close your eyes”(0) – not able to read
- 5. Writing a sentence (0) – not able to write
- 6. Copy a design (0)
2. CRANIAL NERVESCRANIALNERVE
TEST RIGHT LEFT
I Sense of smell
i) Sanitizer + +
II i) Pupillary reflex Normal Cataract
surgery
3. MOTOR SYSTEM
TEST RIGHT LEFT
I – BULK
a. Inspection
b. Palpation
c. Measurements
Upper limb – 10cm above and below acromion
Lower limb 18 cm above and 10 cm below tibial
tubercle
Decreased
Normal
cms
cms
Decreased
Normal
cms
cms
II – TONE
a. Upper limbs-Hypertonia
b. Lower limbs-Hypertonia
III – POWER
a. Neck muscles-Good
b. Upper limbs
i) Shoulder
Flexion-Extension
Abduction / adduction
ii) Elbow
Flexion-Extension
iii) Wrist
Dorsi flexion-Palmar flexion
Abduction-Adduction
iv) small muscles of hand
v) Hand grip
c. Lower limbs
i) Hip
Flexion-Extension
Abduction-Adduction
Lateral Rotation-Medial Rotation
ii) Knee
Flexion-Extension
iii) Ankle
Dorsi flexion-Plantar flexion
Inversion-Eversion
iv) Small muscles of foot
d. Trunk muscles
e. Beevor’s sign
Good
4/5
4/5
4/5
5/5
4/5
4/5
Good
Good
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
Weak
Absent
Good
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
Good
Good
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
Weak
Absent
IV – REFLEXESA. SUPERFICIAL REFLEXES
1. Corneal
2. Conjunctival
3. Palatal Reflex
4. Plantar Reflex
B. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES
1. Jaw jerk
2. Biceps jerk
3. Triceps jerk
4. Supinator jerk
5. Finger flexion reflex
6. Knee jerk
7. Ankle jerk
8. Clonus
C. PRIMITIVE REFLEXES
Present
Present
Present
Flexor
?Present
-
Present
-
-
-
-
NT
Present
Present
Present
Extensor
Present
-
Present
-
-
-
-
NT
D. OTHERS
Hoffmans sign -Absent
Wartenbergs sign-Absent
Rossalimos sign-Absent
V – COORDINATION
TESTED ALONG WITH THE CEREBELLUM
Impaired
VI – GAIT
Wide based gait
VII – INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
A – Athetosis, Asterexis
B – Ballismus
C – Chorea
D – Dystonia
E – Essential tremors
F – Fasciculations
M - Myoclonus
No
4. SENSORY SYSTEM
TEST RIGHT LEFT
I – SPINOTHALAMIC
1. Crude touch
2. Pain
3. Temperature
II – POSTERIOR COLUMN
1. Fine touch
2. Vibration
3. Position sense
1. Tactile localisation
2. Stereognosis
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Absent
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Absent
Normal
Normal
5. CEREBELLAR SIGNS
1. Titubation - absent
2. Truncal ataxia/gait ataxia/ stance ataxia – present
3. Nystagmus – absent
4. Dysarthria - absent
5. Hypotonia - absent
6. Rebound phenomenon – absent
7. Intention tremor - absent
8. Pendular knee jerk – absent
9. Tandem Walking – couldn’t elicit due to giddiness
a. Upper Limbs – Finger Nose test, Finger Finger Nose test – impaired on left
side.
b. Lower Limbs – Heel Knee test, - impaired on left side
c. Dysdiadokokinesia – impaired
6. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Resting tachycardia- present (?Anxiety)
Abnormal sweating - no
7. SIGNS OF MENINGEAL IRRITATION
Neck stiffness present
Kernig’s sign - - x
Brudzinski’s sign - - x
8. EXAMINATION OF THE SPINE AND CRANIUM
SPINE – normal
CRANIUM – normal
9. PERIPHERAL NERVES
No Thickened nerves
No Trophic ulcers
No Wrist drop
No Foot drop
INVESTIGATIONS
15/09/22
18/09/22
19/09/22
PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:
SECONDARY ANEMIA UNDER EVALUATION,BLEEDING PER RECTUM
HEMORROIDS
TREATMENT:
15/09/22
Inj IRON SUCROSE 200mg in 100ml NS IV/OD
Inj LASIX 40mg IV/OD
Inj ZOFER 4mg IV
Syp CREMAFFIN 30ml/PO/OD
Two egg whites per day
16/09/22
Inj IRON SUCROSE 200mg in 100ml NS IV/OD
Inj LASIX 40mg IV/OD
Inj ZOFER 4mg IV/TID
Syp CREMAFFIN 30ml/PO/OD
Two egg whites per day
17/09/22
Inj IRON SUCROSE 200mg in 100ml NS IV/OD
Inj LASIX 40mg IV/OD
Inj ZOFER 4mg IV/TID
Tab PROMETHAZINE 10mg/PD/TID
Syp CREMAFFIN 30ml/PO/OD
Ointment ANOBLISS for L/A
Two egg whites per day
18/09/22
S
Bleeding PR,Dizziness,
No fever spikes,stools passed
O
Pt is conscious, coherent cooperative
Bp:-120/70mmHg
Pr:-76 bpm
Cvs:-s1s2+
R/s:-BLAE +
P/A:- soft , non tender
CNS:- NAD
A
Severe anemia?, bleeding PR, 2° to maligancy?fissure?
P
Inj IRON SUCROSE 200mg in 100ml NS IV/OD
Inj ZOFER 4mg IV/TID
Tab PROMETHAZINE 10mg/PD/TID
Syp CREMAFFIN 30ml/PO/OD
Ointment ANOBLISS for L/A
Two egg whites per day
19/09/22
S
Dizziness
No fever spikes, no stools passed
O
Pt is conscious, coherent cooperative
Bp:-120/70mmHg
Pr:-78 bpm
Cvs:-s1s2+
R/s:-BLAE +
P/A:- soft , non tender
CNS:- NAD
A
Severe anemia?, bleeding PR, 2° to maligancy?fissure?
P
Inj IRON SUCROSE 200mg in 100ml NS IV/OD
Inj ZOFER 4mg IV/TID
Tab PROMETHAZINE 10mg/PD/TID
Syp CREMAFFIN 30ml/PO/OD
Ointment ANOBLISS for L/A
Two egg whites per day
20/09/22
S
Giddiness
No fever spikes, no stools
O
Pt is conscious, coherent cooperative
Bp:-110/70mmHg
Pr:-88 bpm
Cvs:-s1s2+
R/s:-BLAE +
P/A:- soft , non tender
CNS:- NAD
A
Severe anemia?, bleeding PR, 2° to hemorroids?maligancy?fissure?
P
Inj IRON SUCROSE 200mg in 100ml NS IV/OD
Inj ZOFER 4mg IV/TID
Tab PROMETHAZINE 10mg/PD/TID
Syp CREMAFFIN 30ml/PO/OD
Ointment ANOBLISS for L/A
Two egg whites per day
Glycerin dressing daily twice
Vitals monitoring
21/09/22
S
Tinnitus in rt ear,giddiness
No fever spikes,stools passed
O
Pt is conscious, coherent cooperative
Bp:-120/70mmHg
Pr:-76 bpm
Cvs:-s1s2+
R/s:-BLAE +
P/A:- soft , non tender
CNS:- NAD
A
Severe anemia?, bleeding PR, 2° to hemorroids?maligancy?fissure?
P
Inj IRON SUCROSE 200mg in 100ml NS IV/OD
Inj ZOFER 4mg IV/TID
Tab PROMETHAZINE 10mg/PD/TID
Syp CREMAFFIN 30ml/PO/OD
Ointment ANOBLISS for L/A
Two egg whites per day
Glycerin dressing daily twice
Vitals monitoring
22/09/22
S
Tinnitus in rt ear,giddiness
No fever spikes,no stools
O
Pt is conscious, coherent cooperative
Temp-98.6°F
PR:82BPM.
Bp:120/70mm Hg
Cvs:-s1s2+
R/s:-BLAE +
P/A:- soft , non tender
CNS:- NAD
A
Severe anemia?, bleeding PR, 2° to hemorroids ,rectal prolapse
P
Inj IRON SUCROSE 200mg in 100ml NS IV/OD
Inj ZOFER 4mg IV/TID
Tab PROMETHAZINE 10mg/PD/TID
Syp DUPHALAC BULK 20ml/PO/OD
Ointment ANOBLISS for L/A
Two egg whites per day
Glycerin dressing daily twice
Vitals monitoring
23/09/22
S
Tinnitus in rt ear,giddiness
No fever spikes,stools passed
O
Pt is conscious, coherent cooperative
Temp-97°F
PR:78BPM.
Bp:110/70mm Hg
Cvs:-s1s2+
R/s:-BLAE +
P/A:- soft , non tender
CNS:- NAD
A
Severe anemia?, bleeding PR, 2° to fissure? hemorroids,rectal prolapse ,chronic constipation
P
Inj IRON SUCROSE 200mg in 100ml NS IV/OD
Inj ZOFER 4mg IV/TID
Tab PROMETHAZINE 10mg/PD/TID
Syp DUPHALAC BULK 20ml/PO/OD
Ointment ANOBLISS for L/A
Two egg whites per day
Glycerin dressing daily twice
Vitals monitoring
B12 1000mcg injection IM
24/09/22
S
Tinnitus in rt ear
No fever spikes
O
Pt is conscious, coherent cooperative
Temp-afebrile
PR:88BPM.
Bp:140/70mm Hg
Cvs:-s1s2+
R/s:-BLAE +
P/A:- soft , non tender
CNS:- NAD
A
Severe anemia?, bleeding PR, 2° to hemorroids,rectal prolapse
P
Tab LIVOGEN /PO/OD
Tab PROMETHAZINE 10mg/PD/TID
Syp DUPHALAC BULK 20ml/PO/OD
Ointment ANOBLISS for L/A
Two egg whites per day
Glycerin dressing daily twice
Vitals monitoring
B12 1000mcg injection IM
Tab FOLVITE 5mg PO/ OD
25/09/22
S
Tinnitus in rt ear
No fever spikes
vertigo
O
Pt is conscious, coherent cooperative
Temp-afebrile
PR:86BPM.
Bp:110/70mm Hg
Cvs:-s1s2+
R/s:-BLAE +
P/A:- soft , non tender
CNS:- NAD
A
Severe anemia?, bleeding PR, 2° to hemorroids,rectal prolapse,sensory ataxia
P
Tab LIVOGEN /PO/OD
Tab PROMETHAZINE 10mg/PD/TID
Syp DUPHALAC BULK 20ml/PO/OD
Two egg whites per day
Glycerin dressing daily twice
Vitals monitoring
B12 1000mcg injection IM
Tab FOLVITE 5mg PO/ OD
26/09/22
S
Tinnitus in rt ear
No fever spikes,stools passed
vertigo
O
Pt is conscious, coherent cooperative
Temp-afebrile
PR:92BPM.
Bp:120/90mm Hg
Cvs:-s1s2+
R/s:-BLAE +
P/A:- soft , non tender
CNS:- NAD
A
Severe anemia?, bleeding PR, 2° to hemorroids,rectal prolapse,sensory ataxia
P
Tab LIVOGEN /PO/OD
Tab PROMETHAZINE 10mg/PD/TID
Syp DUPHALAC BULK 20ml/PO/OD
Two egg whites per day
Glycerin dressing daily twice
Vitals monitoring
B12 1000mcg injection IM
Tab FOLVITE 5mg PO/ OD
27/09/22
S
Tinnitus in rt ear
No fever spikes,stools passed
vertigo
O
Pt is conscious, coherent cooperative
Temp-afebrile
PR:92BPM.
Bp:120/90mm Hg
Cvs:-s1s2+
R/s:-BLAE +
P/A:- soft , non tender
CNS:- NAD
A
Severe anemia?, bleeding PR, 2° to hemorroids,rectal prolapse
P
Tab LIVOGEN /PO/OD
Tab PROMETHAZINE 10mg/PD/TID
Syp DUPHALAC BULK 20ml/PO/OD
Two egg whites per day
Glycerin dressing daily twice
Vitals monitoring
B12 1000mcg injection IM
Tab FOLVITE 5mg PO/ OD
28/09/22
S
No fever spikes
vertigo
O
Pt is conscious, coherent cooperative
Temp-afebrile
PR:92BPM.
Bp:120/90mm Hg
Cvs:-s1s2+
R/s:-BLAE +
P/A:- soft , non tender
CNS:- NAD
A
Severe anemia?, bleeding PR, 2° to hemorroids,rectal prolapse,superior cerebellar artery stroke?
P
Tab LIVOGEN /PO/OD
Tab PROMETHAZINE 10mg/PD/TID
Syp DUPHALAC BULK 20ml/PO/OD
Two egg whites per day
Glycerin dressing daily twice
Vitals monitoring
B12 1000mcg injection IM
Tab FOLVITE 5mg PO/ OD
29/09/22
S
No fever spikes,stool passed
vertigo
O
Pt is conscious, coherent cooperative
Temp-afebrile
PR:92BPM.
Bp:120/90mm Hg
Cvs:-s1s2+
R/s:-BLAE +
P/A:- soft , non tender
CNS:- NAD
A
Severe anemia?, bleeding PR, 2° to hemorroids,rectal prolapse,superior cerebellar artery stroke?
P
Tab LIVOGEN /PO/OD
Tab ATORVA 20mg/PO/OD
Two egg whites per day
Glycerin dressing daily twice
Vitals monitoring
B12 1000mcg injection IM
Tab FOLVITE 5mg PO/ OD
NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION
ReplyDelete1. HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS:
a. Consciousness – intact
b. Well Oriented to time, place and person
c. Speech and language – slurring.
d. Memory – immediate-retention and recall, recent and remote - intact
a. No Delusions, hallucinations
b. No Emotional lability
c. MMSE score
I. Orientation
1. date x, day x, month x, season(rainy) yearx (1)
2. floor x, hospital x. District (1), state , country (1)
II. Registration
Name three objects taking one second for each object. Ask him to repeat the same.
Repeat till he remembers (3)
III. Attention and Calculation
Serial 7’s 5 times (0)
IV. Recall
Recall the three objects (3)
V. Language
1. Name 2 objects (1)
2. Repeat a sentence (1)
3. Follow a 3 stage command (3)
4. Reading “close your eyes”(0) – not able to read
5. Writing a sentence (0) – not able to write
6. Copy a design (0)
2. CRANIAL NERVES
CRANIAL
NERVE
TEST RIGHT LEFT
I Sense of smell
i) Sanitizer + +
II i) Pupillary reflex Normal Cataract
surgery
I
3. MOTOR SYSTEM
TEST RIGHT LEFT
I – BULK
a. Inspection
b. Palpation
c. Measurements
Upper limb – 10cm above and below acromion
Lower limb 18 cm above and 10 cm below tibial
tubercle
Decreased
Normal
cms
cms
Decreased
Normal
cms
cms
II – TONE
a. Upper limbs
b. Lower limbs
Hypertonia Hypertonia
III – POWER
a. Neck muscles
b. Upper limbs
i) Shoulder
Flexion-Extension
Abduction / adduction
ii) Elbow
Flexion-Extension
iii) Wrist
Dorsi flexion-Palmar flexion
Abduction-Adduction
iv) small muscles of hand
v) Hand grip
c. Lower limbs
i) Hip
Flexion-Extension
Abduction-Adduction
Lateral Rotation-Medial Rotation
ii) Knee
Flexion-Extension
iii) Ankle
Dorsi flexion-Plantar flexion
Inversion-Eversion
iv) Small muscles of foot
d. Trunk muscles
e. Beevor’s sign
Good
4/5
4/5
4/5
5/5
4/5
4/5
Good
Good
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
Weak
Absent
Good
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
Good
Good
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
4/5
Weak
Absent
IV – REFLEXES
A. SUPERFICIAL REFLEXES
1. Corneal
2. Conjunctival
3. Palatal Reflex
4. Plantar Reflex
B. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES
1. Jaw jerk
2. Biceps jerk
3. Triceps jerk
4. Supinator jerk
5. Finger flexion reflex
6. Knee jerk
7. Ankle jerk
8. Clonus
C. PRIMITIVE REFLEXES
Present
Present
Present
Flexor
?Present
-
Present
-
-
-
-
NT
Present
Present
Present
Extensor
Present
-
Present
-
-
-
-
NT
D. OTHERS
Hoffmans sign
Wartenbergs sign
Rossalimos sign
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
V – COORDINATION
TESTED ALONG WITH THE CEREBELLUM
Impaired
VI – GAIT Wide based gait
VII – INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
A – Athetosis, Asterexis
B – Ballismus
C – Chorea
D – Dystonia
E – Essential tremors
F – Fasciculations
M - Myoclonus
No
4. SENSORY SYSTEM
TEST RIGHT LEFT
I – SPINOTHALAMIC
1. Crude touch
2. Pain
3. Temperature
II – POSTERIOR COLUMN
1. Fine touch
2. Vibration
3. Position sense
1. Tactile localisation
2. Stereognosis
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Absent
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Absent
Normal
Normal
5. CEREBELLAR SIGNS
1. Titubation - absent
2. Truncal ataxia/gait ataxia/ stance ataxia – present
3. Nystagmus – absent
4. Dysarthria - absent
5. Hypotonia - absent
6. Rebound phenomenon – absent
7. Intention tremor - absent
8. Pendular knee jerk – absent
9. Tandem Walking – couldn’t elicit due to giddiness
a. Upper Limbs – Finger Nose test, Finger Finger Nose test – impaired on left
side.
b. Lower Limbs – Heel Knee test, - impaired on left side
c. Dysdiadokokinesia – impaired
6. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Resting tachycardia- present (?Anxiety)
Abnormal sweating - no
7. SIGNS OF MENINGEAL IRRITATION
Neck stiffness present
Kernig’s sign - - x
Brudzinski’s sign - - x
8. EXAMINATION OF THE SPINE AND CRANIUM
SPINE – normal
CRANIUM – normal
9. PERIPHERAL NERVES
No Thickened nerves
No Trophic ulcers
No Wrist drop
No Foot drop
DIAGNOSIS
Acute Left cerebellar symptoms –
D/Ds:
1. ?Acute cerebellar infarct
2. Multiple system atrophy - cerebellar
3. Cerebellitis